The average lifespan of domestic cats has increased in recent
decades. It has risen from seven years in the 1980s, to nine years
in 1995, to about 15 years in 2021. Reliable information on the
lifespans of domestic cats is varied and limited.[2] Nevertheless,
a number of studies have investigated the matter and have come up
with noteworthy estimates. Estimates of mean lifespan in these
studies range between 13 and 20 years, with a single value in the
neighborhood of 15 years.[3][4][5] At least one study found a
median lifespan value of 14 years and a corresponding interquartile
range of 9 to 17 years.[6] Maximum lifespan has been estimated at
values ranging from 22 to 30 years although there have been claims
of cats living longer than 30 years.[2][3][6][7][8][9] According to
the 2010 edition of the Guinness World Records, the oldest cat ever
recorded was Creme Puff, who died in 2005, aged 38 years, 3
days.[10] Female cats typically outlive male cats, and crossbred
cats typically outlive purebred cats. It has also been found that
the greater a cat's weight, the lower its life expectancy on
average.[6] A common misconception in cat aging (and dog aging) is
that a cat ages the equivalent of what a human would age in seven
years each year. This is inaccurate due to the inconsistencies in
aging as well as there being far more accurate equations to predict
a cat's age in "cat years". A more accurate equation often used by
veterinarians to predict cat years is 4x + 16, (x being the
chronological age of the cat) which works for cats who are two
years of age or older.[citation needed] In one study of cat
mortality, the most frequent causes were trauma (12.2%), renal
disorder (12.1%), non-specific illness (11.2%), neoplasia (10.8%)
and mass lesion disorders (10.2%).